Jason:
Yes -- the premise of Kuhn's "paradigms" is that different times
generate different "sciences" (without suggesting any *cause* for all
this.)
What we've added to that is the "formal causality" due to *technology*
"shaping our behaviors and attitudes" (important that this is
*neither* "deterministic." or "probabilistic.")
The result is a "psycho-technological environment," to which humans
characteristically "conform" (and where a "non-conformist" is still
working on the same issues) -- while noting that each individual does
this with more-or-less success, due to all the factors that make up
their lives.
Accordingly, people tend to "cluster" in their concerns and
activities. What William James was dealing with was, in some ways,
the "same" as what his contemporaries -- such as Freud, Jung,
Nietzsche, Darwin &al -- were dealing with. At the same time, they
will tend to act as-if they were all in the room with the same
"elephant," while grabbing a hold of different parts of its anatomy.
These people all lived in what we'd call the ELECTRIC paradigm (i.e.
c. 1850-2000) -- so, to the extent possible, it could be useful to
compare/contrast them based on the cultural *effects* they shared in
common. But, to be sure, that wasn't the "beginning" of Psychology --
which also existed, with different concerns, in earlier paradigms.
At the Center, we're studying Aristotole -- specifically in an attempt
to get as far away as possible from these modern technological
influences. He is, by many accounts, the "original" *psychologist*,
so his work appears today as fresh and instructive (to us, at least).
Ultimately, the question is what will happen to Psychology under
DIGITAL conditions and we suspect that Aristotle will help us to
figure that out . . . !!
Mark
Quoting nysa71 <[log in to unmask]>:
> Steve, Mark, et.al.,
>
> It occurs to me that Mark's two questions about William James could
> be asked about the founders of modern psychology in general:
>
> 1) Who were the founders of psychology? What were *their* own
> "psychologies" and how were
> they "formed"?
>
> 2) Who were the founders of psychology "arguing" with, and what were
> they trying to accomplish
> -- in the context of their times?
>
> Perhaps any attempt to unify psychology in the here-in-now requires
> us to go back to the very beginning of psychology itself and pose
> questions such as these --- generally speaking, what was the whole
> point of establishing psychology in the first place?
>
> ~ Jason On Tuesday, July 17, 2018, 2:06:48 AM EDT, Chance
> McDermott <[log in to unmask]> wrote:
>
> Hi Steve,
> It was energizing to read James ask the following questions:
> "For why should this absolute god-given Faculty retain somuch better
> the events of yesterday than those of lastyear, and, best of all,
> those of an hour ago? Why, again, inold age should its grasp of
> childhood's events seemfirmest? Why should illness and exhaustion
> enfeeble it?Why should repeating an experience strengthen
> ourrecollection of it? Why should drugs, fevers, asphyxia,
> andexcitement resuscitate things long since forgotten?"
>
> And it made me feel as though students of psychology would benefit
> from a thorough look at James rather than simply memorize him as The
> Father of American Psychology. I am excited to see more of the
> review and hope to return to a deeper appreciation of the source
> material when time permits.
> Against the back-drop of our American struggle with meaning and
> well-being, I was also struck by an awareness of so much social and
> mental effort going in to this effort of self-recognition and
> verification of reality with others. I recall that James himself
> led a life burdened by depression and health concerns, and (here is
> my usual refrain) that he reported hikes into nature to be curative.
> Thank you for sharing your course,
> -Chance
> On Thu, Jul 12, 2018 at 5:49 PM, Steven Quackenbush
> <[log in to unmask]> wrote:
>
> Hi Mark,
> Thank you very much for the insights and links. My list of guiding
> questions is evolving, and the issues you raise are encouraging me
> to reconsider what I'm after as I study the text. I agree that it
> is especially important to consider the question: "who was James
> 'arguing' with and what was he trying to accomplish -- in the
> context of his times?"
> I also look forward to studying the work of Pierce and other
> contemporaries of William James. I'd like our students to come away
> from the class with an understanding of (a) the psychology of
> William James in its historical context, as well as (b) how James
> might speak to the issues psychologists are grappling with in 2018.
> More to come...
> ~ Steve Q.
> On Thu, Jul 12, 2018 at 2:25 PM, Mark Stahlman
> <[log in to unmask]> wrote:
>
> Steve:
>
> I'm no expert on James but I know a bit about his "times," so if I
> were tackling this, some of the questions I'd ask might include --
>
> 1) Who was William James? What was *his* own "psychology" and how
> was it "formed"?
>
> 2) Who was James "arguing" with and what was he trying to accomplish
> -- in the context of his times?
>
> One of his contemporaries who I do know something about is Charles
> Pierce. Many lump them together as "pragmatists" but, in fact,
> Pierce quite deliberately separated himself and called his approach
> "pragmaticist" so that no one would confuse the two (no, it didn't
> work).
>
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__urldefense.proofpoint&d=DwIFaQ&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A&m=LSmhNOrL7THh05ZcZNiPmccLwtAXPGmJ0HsZ3sI1zYg&s=9CsaGYX1dInSfS8UROayX78SdO1-h6Mli9LvD6KWmJA&e=. com/v2/url?u=https-3A__en.wiki pedia.org_wiki_Charles-5FSande rs-5FPeirce&d=DwIBaQ&c=eLbWYnp nzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nB Emmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpyb o6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A&m=TwZMV pxpDzN4iLckzX6jg6pnl17lXUbIh4i _U-Hbyhw&s=XoFR9U7N_21x4b6sQ9_
> hYNPH79DegVxmUqoMJ3B2kFY&e=
>
> Btw, my study of Pierce is largely through John Deely, the recently
> deceased semiotician. Deely's only PhD student, Brian Kemple is a
> Fellow at my Center.
>
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__urldefense.proofpoint&d=DwIFaQ&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A&m=LSmhNOrL7THh05ZcZNiPmccLwtAXPGmJ0HsZ3sI1zYg&s=9CsaGYX1dInSfS8UROayX78SdO1-h6Mli9LvD6KWmJA&e=. com/v2/url?u=https-3A__en.wiki pedia.org_wiki_John-5FDeely&d= DwIBaQ&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4 uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo1I XYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgj O2gOz4-A&m=TwZMVpxpDzN4iLckzX6 jg6pnl17lXUbIh4i_U-Hbyhw&s=1Ku WXV54ASrno6ufdQNNGiPMpP7e86ytB
> 7U-nFjECHw&e=
>
> The James text that I've spent some time with is 1901-02 "The
> Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature," which
> -- as was common at a time when *seances* were typical upper-class
> Saturday night entertainment, Psychic Societies were being formed
> (James co-founded the ASPR in 1884) and the Theosophical Society
> (founded in NYC in 1875) was capturing many people's imagination --
> would seem to be relevant to how James treats "Psychology" (or
> perhaps not).
>
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__urldefense.proofpoint&d=DwIFaQ&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A&m=LSmhNOrL7THh05ZcZNiPmccLwtAXPGmJ0HsZ3sI1zYg&s=9CsaGYX1dInSfS8UROayX78SdO1-h6Mli9LvD6KWmJA&e=. com/v2/url?u=https-3A__en.wiki pedia.org_wiki_American-5FSoci ety-5Ffor-5FPsychical-5FResear ch&d=DwIBaQ&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb 7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r= HPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-j IYBgjO2gOz4-A&m=TwZMVpxpDzN4iL ckzX6jg6pnl17lXUbIh4i_U-Hbyhw& s=KxKqr-lMEIr5Mr1h3SdaNqW_-GuT
> zAUCCiBWjFxjg5Q&e=
>
> I recently visited the Edison Laboratory in nearby West Orange and
> confirmed with the experts there that Thomas Edison was *deeply*
> committed to "talking with dead people" (as was Alex. Graham Bell
> &al). Electricity had many definite influences on the behaviors of
> the time.
>
> So, for James, the "psychology" of his times included ectoplasm and
> tapping spirits. My guess is that this could be important for your
> own study of his work . . . !!
>
> Mark
>
> P.S. The best account of the "occult" developments in those times is
> probably the two-volume "Occult Underground" and "Occult
> Establishment" (i.e. James' own career) by James Webb (alas, now
> expensive but I think there are scans out there).
>
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__urldefense.proofpoint&d=DwIFaQ&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A&m=LSmhNOrL7THh05ZcZNiPmccLwtAXPGmJ0HsZ3sI1zYg&s=9CsaGYX1dInSfS8UROayX78SdO1-h6Mli9LvD6KWmJA&e=. com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.ama zon.com_Occult-2DEstablishment -2DJames-2DWebb_dp_0875484344& d=DwIBaQ&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vC I4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo 1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYB gjO2gOz4-A&m=TwZMVpxpDzN4iLckz X6jg6pnl17lXUbIh4i_U-Hbyhw&s=B 9FoZBUdcHzDetBOCD36ft_5fjUmDI_
> k8zrF36zsWSQ&e=
>
> Quoting Steven Quackenbush <[log in to unmask]> :
>
>
> Dear ToK community,
>
> As mentioned in a previous post, I am co-teaching a course this fall
> (entitled *Philosophical Psychology*) in which we have adopted William James'
> (1890) *Principles of Psychology* as our chief text. In preparation, I am
> working my way through the entire book this summer. This reading project
> is guided by three questions:
>
> 1) *How does James conceive the discipline of psychology? *
>
> 2) In a NYT article (that Gregg forwarded to members of this listserv),
> David Brooks included William James on his list of "personalists." If
> personalism "is a philosophic tendency built on the infinite uniqueness and
> depth of each person" (Brooks), *in what respect(s) does The Principles of
> Psychology offer a personalistic account of the human organism?*
>
> 3) *Is there an ethics implicit in Principles of Psychology? * [If so, how
> might it be characterized?]
>
>
> Chapter 1 of *The Principles of Psychology *offers a sketch of James'
> conception of psychology as a scholarly discipline. I consider this
> chapter to be a self-standing document (even as I imagine that subsequence
> sections of the text will enrich his opening reflections). My outline of
> this introductory material is included in the attachment entitled
> "Principles of Psychology Chapter 1"
>
> My approach to studying the remainder of the text will not take the form of
> a page-by-page outline. Rather, what I'm trying to do is identify the
> conceptual "seeds" that seem most likely to bear fruit (in light of the
> concerns guiding my reading). The second attachment (labelled "An
> Exploration of James' Principles of Psychology") represents my attempt to
> highlight those aspects of James' discussion *in chapters 2-8* that seem
> most relevant to the questions posed above. This document does not presume
> familiarity with* The Principles of Psychology. * I make heavy use of
> quotations from James' text and I try to clarify passages that strike me as
> obscure (yet important). Participants on this listserv might be
> especially interested in (a) James' distinction between *knowledge of
> acquaintance* and *knowledge-about *(p. 2), and (b) the discussion
> of *sources
> of error* in psychology, including (1) the misleading influence of language
> (p. 3), and the so-called Psychologist's Fallacy (pp. 3-6).
>
> Please note that this is a work in progress (subject to revision based on
> feedback from others and my continued study of the text).
>
> My reading schedule for the remainder of the summer is as follows:
>
> - July 24: Chapters 9-16
> - August 7: Chapters 17-22
> - August 21: Chapters 23-28
>
> I welcome your input on the attached notes (or any other aspect of this
> project).
>
> ~ Steve Q
>
> P.S., The complete text of *The Principles of Psychology* is available
> online here:
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__urldefense.proofpoint&d=DwIFaQ&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A&m=LSmhNOrL7THh05ZcZNiPmccLwtAXPGmJ0HsZ3sI1zYg&s=9CsaGYX1dInSfS8UROayX78SdO1-h6Mli9LvD6KWmJA&e=. com/v2/url?u=http-3A__psychcla ssics.yorku.ca_James_Principle s_index.htm&d=DwIBaQ&c=eLbWYnp nzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nB Emmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpyb o6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A&m=5Pqqa nfy7OhvaKuNcrR1FQI_MPCK-jULqaK EBfFGK5c&s=oVxHIrvbN2eVy17Pd6B
> Fz5SuuEARYLzwz1QUxkp6mbg&e=
>
> I am using the following print edition:
>
> - Volume 1:
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__urldefense.proofpoint&d=DwIFaQ&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A&m=LSmhNOrL7THh05ZcZNiPmccLwtAXPGmJ0HsZ3sI1zYg&s=9CsaGYX1dInSfS8UROayX78SdO1-h6Mli9LvD6KWmJA&e= .com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www. amazon.com_Principles-2DPsycho logy-2DVol-2D1_dp_&d=DwIBaQ&c= eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSj Odn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhKClog P-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A& m=5Pqqanfy7OhvaKuNcrR1FQI_ MPCK-jULqaKEBfFGK5c&s=nijv9- bYCDPNGwT0BNtzUHlmBA0muXAZnNbK
> h5TFlQ4&e=
> 0486203816/ref=sr_1_2?s=books &ie=UTF8&qid=1525970541&sr=1- 2&
> keywords=principles+of+psycho logy+william+james
>
> <https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__urldefense.proofpoin&d=DwIFaQ&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A&m=LSmhNOrL7THh05ZcZNiPmccLwtAXPGmJ0HsZ3sI1zYg&s=DNk0GOcRhb-DVkaD2rtXGW0LXPDhUfE2nPjiP1fJjvg&e= t.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.a mazon.com_Principles-2DPsychol ogy-2DVol-2D1_dp_0486203816_re f-3Dsr-5F1-5F2-3Fs-3Dbooks-26i e-3DUTF8-26qid-3D1525970541- 26sr-3D1-2D2-26keywords-3Dprin ciples-2Bof-2Bpsychology- 2Bwilliam-2Bjames&d=DwIBaQ&c=e LbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjO dn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhKClogP -UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A&m =5Pqqanfy7OhvaKuNcrR1FQI_MPCK- jULqaKEBfFGK5c&s=Sx_bqL9uroWGU RckR50FVhB5IyHyrhqUvapUt9TSi3I
> &e=>
> - Volume 2:
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__urldefense.proofpoint&d=DwIFaQ&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A&m=LSmhNOrL7THh05ZcZNiPmccLwtAXPGmJ0HsZ3sI1zYg&s=9CsaGYX1dInSfS8UROayX78SdO1-h6Mli9LvD6KWmJA&e=. com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.ama zon.com_Great-2DBooks-2DWester n-2DWorld-2DWilliam_dp&d=DwIBa Q&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB 9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhK ClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz 4-A&m=5Pqqanfy7OhvaKuNcrR1FQI_ MPCK-jULqaKEBfFGK5c&s=EraaCvdV R4a70KAatAgN0z-Qv9VZ1wdz9_
> YdImAugeU&e=
> /B000HMOKB6/ref=sr_1_1?s=book s&ie=UTF8&qid=1525970655&sr=1-
> 1&keywords=great+books+of+the +western+world+53+william+jame s
>
> <https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__urldefense.proofpoin&d=DwIFaQ&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A&m=LSmhNOrL7THh05ZcZNiPmccLwtAXPGmJ0HsZ3sI1zYg&s=DNk0GOcRhb-DVkaD2rtXGW0LXPDhUfE2nPjiP1fJjvg&e= t.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.a mazon.com_Great-2DBooks-2DWest ern-2DWorld-2DWilliam_dp_ B000HMOKB6_ref-3Dsr-5F1-5F1- 3Fs-3Dbooks-26ie-3DUTF8-26qid- 3D1525970655-26sr-3D1-2D1- 26keywords-3Dgreat-2Bbooks- 2Bof-2Bthe-2Bwestern-2Bworld- 2B53-2Bwilliam-2Bjames&d= DwIBaQ&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4 uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r= HPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz- jIYBgjO2gOz4-A&m=5Pqqanfy7Ohva KuNcrR1FQI_MPCK-jULqaKEBfFGK5c &s=EG1lG5c9xTExr2mp0DISYWeII9N
> PUrWJZvTM2Sa4BPg&e=>
>
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