Thanks for this wonderful article, Corinne. It is very apropos of the discussion.
To place the article in the ToK/UTUA landscape, it is largely referring to the Red-Affiliation line on the Influence Matrix.
I labeled it affiliation because it means to "attach, unite or bring into close association." In other words, it refers to the fusion of our interests with the other, such that the other's interests become our own. The book, The Altruistic Brain, by Donald Pfaff (who lectured here at JMU, and I was fortunate enough to meet with), offers some really interesting analyses on how we represent our own interests and others, and, when feeling connected, there are mechanisms to blend them, such that the other person's pain and joys become ours.
And, this is exactly what does not happen with psychopaths.
Gregg
(PS I will get you those answers soon)
-----Original Message-----
From: tree of knowledge system discussion [mailto:[log in to unmask]] On Behalf Of Diop, Corinne Joan Martin - diopcj
Sent: Thursday, January 4, 2018 11:08 AM
To: [log in to unmask]
Subject: Re: What is behavior? A new definition for 2018
Hi everyone!
I am an artist rather than a scientist so I am not sure what my contributions will be-- but I have enjoyed catching up on reading these posts! (Gregg, I do need the answers to the test!!)
I just read an article about brain differences between psychopaths and extreme altruists that might relate here: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2017/08/science-good-evil-charlottesville/
One neuroscientist in the article scanned the brains of over 4,000 prison inmates using a traveling MRI scanner-- we have come a long way since the early days when scientist/photographers like Dr. Hugh Welch Diamond who tried to make sense of things through collections of physiognomic photos!
http://www.getty.edu/art/collection/objects/45348/hugh-welch-diamond-portrait-of-a-female-patient-surrey-county-asylum-british-1848-1858/
Have a great day!
Corinne
--
Corinne Diop
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From: tree of knowledge system discussion [[log in to unmask]] on behalf of Henriques, Gregg - henriqgx
Sent: Thursday, January 4, 2018 8:51 AM
To: [log in to unmask]
Subject: Re: What is behavior? A new definition for 2018
Hi Waldemar,
Thanks for sharing the Wiktionary definition. It is similar to the Merriam-Webster's, although it does not directly include the general pattern or activity/response that is usually given as the third entry in most standard dictionaries (after comportment and organism or animal response). This third is crucial from my perspective (and common usage in physics and chemistry). That said, your general definition corresponds well with mine (change in object-field relations). Yours includes the object/entity/thing, the environment and the "interaction," which parallels change in my definition.
There are important, if potentially subtle, implications of the formulation of behavior that I am offering. For example, I noticed in your other note where you described concern regarding the "mental and behavioral dysfunction" of the President. Although such dualism is colloquially assumed in everyday conversation, in the language game of the ToK, I would not place the "and" in the sentence, but would simply say "mental behavioral dysfunction" (with the "human/person" taken as a given). What I mean is that when you are observing someone act as a person via the lens of the ToK, you are observing overt person-cultural mental behavior. You are not observing mental and behavioral events, as if some events that you witnessed and categorized as dysfunction were "mental" in contrast to others that were "behavioral". Such a dichotomy is problematic and masks the true distinctions, namely whether you are talking about overt versus covert behaviors, or perhaps whether you are talking about more "procedural action" versus "information processing" behaviors. Another parallel kind of distinction could be the distinction between "bio-physical" behaviors and "psycho-social" behaviors. But when we write mental and behavioral, it implies that mental is not behavioral and that is a problem from a ToK taxonomy perspective.
To make this concrete, here is an article https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2018/01/trump-cog-decline/548759/, raising questions about Trump's "neurological" integrity.
From a ToK-Periodic Table of Behavior perspective, we can start at the top and work our way down in understanding the behavior patterns we are watching.
First and foremost, there is the "Cultural Context" of the individual's behavior. This refers to the macro-level systems of justification that frame his actions and coordinate roles and norms. The is the role and function of "Office of the Presidency," which provides the basic, shared cultural narratives that create expectations for his actions as President.
Then there are Trump's specific-person behaviors. This is Trump's self-conscious identity; Trump as a deliberative actor justifying himself on the stage (publicly or privately). This is what we would call the "person" of Trump (see Peter Ossorio's The Behavior of Persons for more on this). These two elements are the "Culture and person" elements of behavior that we observe, and are categorized on the 4th dimension on the Periodic Table of Behavior/ToK. (Note all the behaviors on this list serve are 4th dimensional-not to sound silly, but that is why other animals can't participate-they don't exist in this dimension of complexity).
Then there are the basic psychological/mental behaviors that we observe. This domain refers to his behaviors as a "whole animal", mediated via the nervous system. Whereas the 4th dimensional analysis refers to the dimension of justification, this refers to the more basic dimension of behavioral investment. If we break this down in terms of Character Adaptation Systems Theory (CAST), this refers to his habit, experiential, and relational/Matrix systems. These include procedural-action elements, emotional processes, episodic memory and other basic cognitive functions like attention and perception. These can be considered "subconscious," relative to his self-conscious narrator. It is our expectation that his socio-cultural and basic psychological/mental behavioral patterns will be coordinated. Studying the behavior of primates, as Frans de Waal and other do gives an excellent window into this dimension as it pertains to human-persons.
Then there are the organismic/biological behaviors. These are all the systems that keep him (and all of us) alive and functioning biologically (i.e., circulation, digestion, etc). If he has a heart attack and dies, that is a breakdown in the biological system.
Last, there are the material/physical behaviors. If he were to trip and fall, we might wonder about his neuro-muscular procedural balance system (if it seemed he was getting increasingly unsteady), but the actual fall to the ground caused by gravity is physical/material behavior (although his attempt to break his fall would be mental-psychological-procedural).
One last point, all of these dimensions of behavioral complexity are "nested," moving up from physical/material to biological/organic to psychological/mental and person-cultural. Here is a diagram of that:
[cid:image003.png@01D38539.3DADD970]
Hope this helps to clarify what the Periodic Table of Behavior offers as a lens to create a taxonomy of behaviors at different dimensions of complexity.
It may be worth noting that the standard dictionary definitions imply the kind of taxonomy offered here when they differentiate the behavior of people from animals from organisms from objects. The key is to understand why these four categories and the continuity and discontinuity, and the ToK helps us achieve that.
Best,
Gregg
From: tree of knowledge system discussion [mailto:[log in to unmask]] On Behalf Of [log in to unmask]
Sent: Wednesday, January 3, 2018 6:13 PM
To: [log in to unmask]
Subject: Re: What is behavior? A new definition for 2018
Gregg:
There certainly is a paucity of agreement about what "behavior" means and implies.
I find the Wiktionary definition a useful place to start:
behavior (usually uncountable<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__en.wiktionary.org_wiki_Appendix-3AGlossary-23uncountable&d=DwMFaQ&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A&m=ey3SspQHlx-1Izt_VDOYADNjkzg6kJBBtq_f9yHmb1g&s=tIT2tnLfwBrwQhakXgkOon93xlvpoIsXvAPa_Vumngw&e=>, plural behaviors<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__en.wiktionary.org_wiki_behaviors-23English&d=DwMFaQ&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A&m=ey3SspQHlx-1Izt_VDOYADNjkzg6kJBBtq_f9yHmb1g&s=qu5gz5Kwk7HjGOqlMIf40HY9uOltLXxOIhupvHTJ6nE&e=>) (American<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__en.wikipedia.org_wiki_American-5Fand-5FBritish-5FEnglish-5Fspelling-5Fdifferences&d=DwMFaQ&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A&m=ey3SspQHlx-1Izt_VDOYADNjkzg6kJBBtq_f9yHmb1g&s=9l2VyzV_Pir4PQTDF_3fc72XtljCjLmCY5GuMJaGm8o&e=>)
1. (uncountable<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__en.wiktionary.org_wiki_Appendix-3AGlossary-23uncountable&d=DwMFaQ&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A&m=ey3SspQHlx-1Izt_VDOYADNjkzg6kJBBtq_f9yHmb1g&s=tIT2tnLfwBrwQhakXgkOon93xlvpoIsXvAPa_Vumngw&e=>) Human conduct relative to social norms.
2. (uncountable<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__en.wiktionary.org_wiki_Appendix-3AGlossary-23uncountable&d=DwMFaQ&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A&m=ey3SspQHlx-1Izt_VDOYADNjkzg6kJBBtq_f9yHmb1g&s=tIT2tnLfwBrwQhakXgkOon93xlvpoIsXvAPa_Vumngw&e=>) The way a living creature behaves<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__en.wiktionary.org_wiki_behave&d=DwMFaQ&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A&m=ey3SspQHlx-1Izt_VDOYADNjkzg6kJBBtq_f9yHmb1g&s=Uj5JZSnl1mSwlAhSe05eDMaLPrJsjtdBcecRhbcKRBI&e=> or acts<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__en.wiktionary.org_wiki_act&d=DwMFaQ&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A&m=ey3SspQHlx-1Izt_VDOYADNjkzg6kJBBtq_f9yHmb1g&s=NJZn6WiaLtpFCN2j7X7a0rvAtg2sOxngO-p_Dfy1wXE&e=> generally.
3. (uncountable<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__en.wiktionary.org_wiki_Appendix-3AGlossary-23uncountable&d=DwMFaQ&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A&m=ey3SspQHlx-1Izt_VDOYADNjkzg6kJBBtq_f9yHmb1g&s=tIT2tnLfwBrwQhakXgkOon93xlvpoIsXvAPa_Vumngw&e=>, informal<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__en.wiktionary.org_wiki_Appendix-3AGlossary-23informal&d=DwMFaQ&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A&m=ey3SspQHlx-1Izt_VDOYADNjkzg6kJBBtq_f9yHmb1g&s=4OSwKUc1ylIP_pG6E3Fy3C54f3eR6LU-VxHHD2t2fnI&e=>) A state of probation about one's conduct.
He was on his best behavior when her family visited.
4. (countable<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__en.wiktionary.org_wiki_Appendix-3AGlossary-23countable&d=DwMFaQ&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A&m=ey3SspQHlx-1Izt_VDOYADNjkzg6kJBBtq_f9yHmb1g&s=cGZIzuX3ZjvaE7jGcmsjQxBvf3RzMv-gco64eRWV1_A&e=>) An instance of the way a living creature behaves.
5. (countable<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__en.wiktionary.org_wiki_Appendix-3AGlossary-23countable&d=DwMFaQ&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A&m=ey3SspQHlx-1Izt_VDOYADNjkzg6kJBBtq_f9yHmb1g&s=cGZIzuX3ZjvaE7jGcmsjQxBvf3RzMv-gco64eRWV1_A&e=>, uncountable<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__en.wiktionary.org_wiki_Appendix-3AGlossary-23uncountable&d=DwMFaQ&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A&m=ey3SspQHlx-1Izt_VDOYADNjkzg6kJBBtq_f9yHmb1g&s=tIT2tnLfwBrwQhakXgkOon93xlvpoIsXvAPa_Vumngw&e=>, biology<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__en.wiktionary.org_wiki_biology&d=DwMFaQ&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A&m=ey3SspQHlx-1Izt_VDOYADNjkzg6kJBBtq_f9yHmb1g&s=_eQBNrIhQLJ1nncbSLNu2CU4vizl1BC2r9VQFOMXPis&e=>, psychology<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__en.wiktionary.org_wiki_psychology&d=DwMFaQ&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A&m=ey3SspQHlx-1Izt_VDOYADNjkzg6kJBBtq_f9yHmb1g&s=MC-FkwTPMXhIjXf8HTDnDX5Akod_0okGOTuxPSLHBqQ&e=>) Observable response produced by an organism.
6. (uncountable<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__en.wiktionary.org_wiki_Appendix-3AGlossary-23uncountable&d=DwMFaQ&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A&m=ey3SspQHlx-1Izt_VDOYADNjkzg6kJBBtq_f9yHmb1g&s=tIT2tnLfwBrwQhakXgkOon93xlvpoIsXvAPa_Vumngw&e=>) The way a device or system operates.
Perhaps, it may be apprehended even more simply as:
The interaction of something with the environment within which it resides.
That allows for a very wide variety of settings in which the word may be applied. For instance, the behavior of the human mind, the behavior of atoms in a cloud of hydrogen, the ordinarily imperceptible behavior of a physiologic system, the behavior of galaxy groupings, or the behavior of a list serve member, etc, etc.
Waldemar A Schmidt, PhD, MD
(Perseveret et Percipiunt)
503.631.8044
Strive not to be a success, but rather to be of value. (A Einstein)
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