Mike, I agree with this point, but I wonder how we define what we generally
think of as "experimental psychology" if we don't refer to it that way.
The way I learned it in undergrad is that you choose your camp: clinical
psychology or experimental psychology. If you want to be a therapist, go
clinical. If you want to do strange left-field experiments that seem to
have no particular relevance to therapy, like quantifying and analyzing
toddler verbalizations across development, choose "experimental
psychology".
This is not my view, but rather the way it was presented to me as an
undergraduate. Of course, in this thread and in the context of Gregg's
work, this is a radically over simplified and unnecessarily exclusive view.
But, how is it that we think about these different "camps", when we fail to
have a unifying definition? What of the people who want to do psychological
research, but aren't concerned with clinical work? How are they defined?
Are we causing more problems than we're solving by even issuing the label?
Best,
Cole Butler
Research Coordinator
Project Coordinator: Treating Parents with ADHD and their Children (TPAC
<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__umdadhd.org_ongoing-2Dprojects-2Dand-2Dfunding&d=DwIFaQ&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A&m=4kkih_AwviJSn3_sS7RExOxuds4qcm8AQC6PhwLFfiI&s=9cmcht3c7KC6wKkz8ygeXddKN23yKSczjYfAlPn2-Ik&e= >)
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On Tue, Jul 21, 2020 at 3:45 PM Michael Mascolo <[log in to unmask]>
wrote:
> HI All:
>
> How funny. It is really interesting — the little adjectives that we put
> before the various divisions of Psychology. They mark off our turf, and in
> so doing, they shut us off from ideas and perspectives that we need to hear
> about.
>
> My favorite unfavorite little adjective + noun = “Experimental
> Psychology”. Can you imagine! Psychology defined by a method! This is
> psychology that we organize around experiments! Should we have
> Correlational Psychology? Structural Equation Modeling Psychology? At
> least Qualitative Psychology suggests a way of thinking about psychology —
> but here too, it is much the same.
>
> My turf is better than your turf!
>
> M.
>
>
>
> *Michael F. Mascolo, Ph.D.*
> Academic Director, Compass Program
> Professor, Department of Psychology
> Merrimack College, North Andover, MA 01845
> 978.837.3503 (office)
> 978.979.8745 (cell)
>
> Political Conversations Study: *www.CreatingCommonGround.org
> <https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.creatingcommonground.org_&d=DwMFaQ&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A&m=zXL29QC22yqE-xbG7h93mbLdowI4mCCviOWTkl-p52s&s=2sGBaFPm6k9xiIYdVdgau9fhgGyYu5IKizN5Pntkz6o&e=>*
> Blog: Values Matter
> <https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.psychologytoday.com_us_blog_values-2Dmatter&d=DwMFaQ&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A&m=zXL29QC22yqE-xbG7h93mbLdowI4mCCviOWTkl-p52s&s=JR6nSzFNV8_4s3aCdRz6-IuIzZFkdcrDH4awCEmqrBM&e=>
> Journal: Pedagogy and the Human Sciences
> <https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__scholarworks.merrimack.edu_phs_&d=DwMFaQ&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A&m=zXL29QC22yqE-xbG7h93mbLdowI4mCCviOWTkl-p52s&s=KQZ4duNW9LdXXnrUU-_PtBzjRdg-mEPlTWeV6i1kn2M&e=>
> Coaching and Author Website: www.michaelmascolo.com
> <https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.michaelmascolo.com_&d=DwMFaQ&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A&m=zXL29QC22yqE-xbG7h93mbLdowI4mCCviOWTkl-p52s&s=iS_NBz7gg8J2z60FSftLpzNe9icjiHUQ5V_MTP9KXc0&e=>
> Academia Home Page: https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__merrimack.academia.edu_MichaelMascolo&d=DwIFaQ&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A&m=4kkih_AwviJSn3_sS7RExOxuds4qcm8AQC6PhwLFfiI&s=ZLyqvQVGxB3X8KvdvHN8RJem6owYlxVqjKiKEjxCwsA&e=
> <https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__merrimack.academia.edu_MichaelMascolo&d=DwMFaQ&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A&m=zXL29QC22yqE-xbG7h93mbLdowI4mCCviOWTkl-p52s&s=8Kyu0MBJNBE8nPDAKqOk_5yrOBOTIAl0b-kEiLvNuBU&e=>
>
> "*Things move, persons act.*" -- Kenneth Burke
> "*If it's not worth doing, it's not worth doing well*." -- Donald Hebb
>
> On Jul 21, 2020, at 3:28 PM, Henriques, Gregg - henriqgx <[log in to unmask]
> <[log in to unmask]>> wrote:
>
> Blaine and Mike,
> The primary issue between us is not so much about Black Psychology as it
> was laid out in the blog, but in the way in which I wish psychology was
> conceptualized. Consider, for example, that I wish psychology was divided
> into the three branches of basic, human, and health service professional
> <https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.psychologytoday.com_us_blog_theory-2Dknowledge_201306_psychologys-2Dthree-2Dgreat-2Dbranches-23-3A-7E-3Atext-3DThe-2520three-2520branches-2520are-253A-25201-2Cat-2520the-2520individual-2520level-2520and&d=DwMFaQ&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A&m=zXL29QC22yqE-xbG7h93mbLdowI4mCCviOWTkl-p52s&s=DyhbQE_ymSu2-i7rjwAEvxz0tC1XH2zHLllWIZrZh1Y&e=>.
> This is defining the institution based on the metaphysical/metatheoretical
> structure of the unified framework. If we did that, the field’s divisions
> would look very different and the whole institution would be re-organized
> and the grammar of the way we use the word would shift. Black Human
> Psychology sounds weird, as does Industrial/Organizational Human Psychology.
>
> Anyway, let me say that given the way the institution is currently
> structured, I support it.
>
> Best,
> Gregg
>
> *From:* tree of knowledge system discussion <
> [log in to unmask] <[log in to unmask]>> *On
> Behalf Of *Fowers, Blaine J
> *Sent:* Tuesday, July 21, 2020 2:09 PM
> *To:* [log in to unmask] <[log in to unmask]>
> *Subject:* Re: Black Psychology?...and who has higher self-esteem in US?
> Blacks or Whites?
>
> I should know to be careful of what I ask for. I joke with my students
> after giving long answers their questions that they got a professor's
> answer, are they glad they asked? They laugh and indulge me by saying they
> are glad.
>
> Let me put some of my thoughts out there and see where the conversation
> goes.
>
> First, thanks for the trust, my friend.
>
> Next, I'll say that I really like Prof Cokley's blog. It is very
> straightforward in making a case for his viewpoint in a relatively
> noncontentious way despite the contentiousness of the question.
>
> I see the question of Black Psychology more similarly to Mike than to the
> position you outline, Gregg. The way I might put it is that the molecules
> don't care about the skin color, gender, etc. of the physicist, and the
> physicist's science is not terribly dependent on their position in society.
> (Physicists do treat one another differently based on skin color or gender
> though.) In contrast, psychological research and practice are very
> dependent on the social position of the researcher or practitioner, both
> from the perspective of the professional and from the perspective of the
> research participant or client. As I see it, this is what the white
> chairpersons did not understand and what is central from Prof. Cokley's
> perspective.
>
> Another way I am thinking about it is that Black Psychology is important
> because it is a psychology of humans who are part of a minority group that
> has been traumatized and discriminated against because of their membership
> in that group. My guess is that any group in that situation would find
> similar ways to live as well as they can, given how they are seen and
> treated. I think there would be parallels with many similar groups who have
> been systematically mistreated by a majority or by those in power. We might
> find interesting parallels with Uyghurs or Tibetans in China or Kurds in
> Turkey or Morrocans in France. I think that Black Psychology in the Western
> world can tell us about oppression and resilience in ways that studying
> white folks probably cannot.
>
> So I don't see Black Psychology as something different from psychology as
> a whole. I'm thinking of it as a worthwhile specialization, but it is still
> examining an important part of the human experience in a particular
> context. I think all the other possible psychologies would also be
> special cases of the human experience. And I'm thinking that Black
> Psychology would look entirely different in an affluent society in which
> Black folks were in the majority and holding a good share of the power.
>
> These are my thoughts of the moment. I'm interested in learning from
> others as well. I reserve the right to amend what I've said when I learn
> more.
>
> All the best,
> Blaine
>
> Blaine J. Fowers, Ph.D.
> Professor
> Department of Educational and
> Psychological Studies
> Merrick 312
> 5202 University Dr.
> Coral Gables, FL 33146
> 305-284-5261 (o)
> 305-284-3003 (f)
>
> Frailty, Suffering, and Vice: Flourishing in the Face of Human Limitations
> <https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.apa.org_pubs_books_4317447.aspx&d=DwMGaQ&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A&m=fi2vW26Be5W1w5hyE6R1irvpa2Zpn9UzHS2LPT5uQrc&s=qidW0-fcsDlXwbRFY6T7a7pGzD55Ktzw25vocf1I2Nk&e=>
> The Evolution of Ethics
> <https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.palgrave.com_us_book_9781137344656-23otherversion-3D9781349466139&d=DwMGaQ&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A&m=fi2vW26Be5W1w5hyE6R1irvpa2Zpn9UzHS2LPT5uQrc&s=vknM2tcNNItjm0Jt6Cyp9z_WGDmaknGzMlLbmdXksgs&e=>
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__blainefowers.com&d=DwIFaQ&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A&m=4kkih_AwviJSn3_sS7RExOxuds4qcm8AQC6PhwLFfiI&s=B0GT3ecYqgsQ_CCom71Y3NlncVDig8hjNFreCvRKJKc&e=
> <https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__blainefowers.com&d=DwMGaQ&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A&m=fi2vW26Be5W1w5hyE6R1irvpa2Zpn9UzHS2LPT5uQrc&s=h4JP6RTftHPKj92FruDma3uj6-Xzvlj9prUBUT07Jl0&e=>
>
> ------------------------------
> *From:* tree of knowledge system discussion <
> [log in to unmask]> on behalf of Mascolo, Michael <
> [log in to unmask]>
> *Sent:* Tuesday, July 21, 2020 1:24 PM
> *To:* [log in to unmask] <[log in to unmask]>
> *Subject:* Re: Black Psychology?...and who has higher self-esteem in US?
> Blacks or Whites?
>
> Hi Greg and all. Who this is a tough one. Actually not so tough. On the
> question of this is like black physics. No. A fundamental problem with
> psychology has been its difficult relation to culture. Psychology has often
> seen itself as trying to understand the mechanisms of the Mind on the one
> hand and then culture on the other. In this way of thinking culture becomes
> a variable. It is something to manipulate to see what its effect is on the
> individual person for the individual mind. The individual mind is one thing
> it's Universal Etc and culture is another thing if maybe variable and maybe
> differences between cultures or not.
>
> This is a problem. Culture is not a mere variable. Culture is part and
> parcel of what it means to be human. There is not the mind and then also
> culture. Mind and culture make each other up. If that is so studying
> culture is not some adjunct to psychology it is for most it is part of the
> very process of psychology. And if that is true it becomes very important
> to talk about and study the different ways in which different cultures
> create different forms of minding if you will different mentalities. This
> makes it quite coherent to talk about black psychology or Asian psychology
> or Etc.
>
> There are indeed social constructionist views that embrace the idea of
> indigenous psychologies. Three of these psychologists make sense. Speak of
> Indian psychology as in India. Indian psychology has an entire way of
> parsing the psychological world that is similar in some ways but also very
> different from the Western ways of doing. We can learn a lot from them and
> they can learn a lot from us perhaps. But there is not psychology on the
> one hand say Western psychology on the other end and then also Indian
> psychology or Indian indigenous psychology that would be to marginalize the
> Indian way of thinking. We need these indigenous psychology's it seems to
> me that we need to have a conversation amongst them and between them in
> order to make up the whole of psychology.
>
> And this way it seems to me that a black psychology would not be an
> alternative psychology it would just be either the cultural the culture of
> of the Black Culture if you will how it creates individuals or it would be
> the psychic Lisa caught one of many different forms of indigenous
> psychology's that are in dialogue with each other.
>
> My best,
>
> Mike
>
> On Tue, Jul 21, 2020, 1:05 PM Henriques, Gregg - henriqgx <
> [log in to unmask]> wrote:
>
> Hi Blaine,
>
> I certainly do trust you, and absolutely did not worry about this being
> a “gotcha” question. So far, the TOK has been a place of good faith
> dialogue and mutual respect and I expect that to continue until I see
> evidence of the contrary.
>
> Lots to unpack here, which I why I simply left it open ended 😊. But,
> since you asked, let me offer some reflections.
>
> The first issue has to do with one’s philosophy of psychology and the
> kind and identity of the institution of Psychology. If we adopt a broad,
> social constructionist view of the field of what psychology is, and we
> embrace the idea that as an institution, Psychology (with a capital P)
> should let a 1000 flowers bloom (to use a term by the historian Ludy
> Benjamin
> <https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com_-3Furl-3Dhttps-253A-252F-252Furldefense.proofpoint.com-252Fv2-252Furl-253Fu-253Dhttps-2D3A-5F-5Fpsycnet.apa.org-5Frecord-5F2006-2D2D10050-2D2D006-2526d-253DDwMFaQ-2526c-253DeLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn-5F5nBEmmeq0-2526r-253DHPo1IXYDhKClogP-2DUOpybo6Cfxxz-2DjIYBgjO2gOz4-2DA-2526m-253Drx6veu-2DCO3TaCJsXTn0BGh8VfgQtECSqDJ-2DPl5wT3rI-2526s-253DV3z-5FhPcdqGXGz9wW8EdyJCR0-5Fvy-2D35rlxMrXo2tNuAA-2526e-253D-26data-3D02-257C01-257Cbfowers-2540MIAMI.EDU-257C5c099b6051e448343c1108d82d9b0c5f-257C2a144b72f23942d48c0e6f0f17c48e33-257C0-257C0-257C637309491242223677-26sdata-3Dd7xV-252BkdhSCPYqqrOFN3PSIoZT22mt-252FzRO-252FNoyXYk5e4-253D-26reserved-3D0&d=DwMGaQ&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A&m=fi2vW26Be5W1w5hyE6R1irvpa2Zpn9UzHS2LPT5uQrc&s=iewYpIga_5ktN7aSwd_dsqeDpg8ZL00MZyZCiWnydCQ&e=>),
> then I am all for the idea and division of Black Psychology. It represents
> an important voice in the tapestry of voices. Of course, a problem with
> this is that we can now basically have a psychology of anything, but that
> is a separate issue than I want to tackle.
>
> But if we adopt a more modern, natural, empirical science version of
> what psychology is, then the idea of Black psychology would be akin to
> Black physics, Black chemistry or Black biology. This is what I think the
> Department Heads that were referenced in the blog were potentially getting
> at in a perhaps insensitive way. Now, we can explore the lives of black
> physicists (I recommend this podcast
> <https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com_-3Furl-3Dhttps-253A-252F-252Furldefense.proofpoint.com-252Fv2-252Furl-253Fu-253Dhttps-2D3A-5F-5Fwww.youtube.com-5Fwatch-2D3Fv-2D3DdKklcL1WNec-2526d-253DDwMFaQ-2526c-253DeLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn-5F5nBEmmeq0-2526r-253DHPo1IXYDhKClogP-2DUOpybo6Cfxxz-2DjIYBgjO2gOz4-2DA-2526m-253Drx6veu-2DCO3TaCJsXTn0BGh8VfgQtECSqDJ-2DPl5wT3rI-2526s-253DBy8qRIF-5F6TaskNt1gPNfQ-5FaeMd8aHnG-5FYGspvuT4zNk-2526e-253D-26data-3D02-257C01-257Cbfowers-2540MIAMI.EDU-257C5c099b6051e448343c1108d82d9b0c5f-257C2a144b72f23942d48c0e6f0f17c48e33-257C0-257C0-257C637309491242233686-26sdata-3DX33UYqUNvo8qpa-252FNj1ieYO2-252B0Mcg1ofmtld-252B-252B2c1O7c-253D-26reserved-3D0&d=DwMGaQ&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A&m=fi2vW26Be5W1w5hyE6R1irvpa2Zpn9UzHS2LPT5uQrc&s=eSOn08sefSjvu_9ChMRFbhmxWmVp6n-xTMyBJJRjbuA&e=>
> with Coleman Hughes and Neil DeGrasse Tyson, where Tyson discusses a
> meeting of Black physicists), but I hope that the idea of a Black science
> of physics would rub us all the wrong way for obvious reasons. So, that is
> the analogy I would draw here, and from it we can see where there might be
> problems. That is, clearly we want psychologists studying the unique
> experiences, cultures and lives of Black Americans (or whatever ethic
> group, as I did in for my masters thesis), and we want associations for
> folks to co-mingle who feel marginalized. Things get
> fuzzy/complicated/problematic if we differentiate Black psychology from
> White psychology, where the former is a different kind of science or body
> of knowledge or epistemology or whatever the defining features of the
> discipline are taken to be.
> From a unified metapsychology view, the basic science of psychology
> should be defined as the science of mental behavior, or Mind, defined as
> the third dimension of behavioral complexity (or plane of existence). Human
> psychology is a basic scientific discipline that resides at the base of the
> social sciences. Basic and human psychology are no more “white” sciences
> than physics is a Black science in this conception.
>
> The bottom line is that the word psychology has an almost infinite set of
> meanings attached to it. One of the reasons I offer and advocate for the
> ToK System is that it provides a conceptual language system that allows for
> a coherent science of psychology to emerge. This is argued to be a
> transcendent Cultural view; i.e., unlike claims of the more strident
> postmodern constructionist epistemologies, it argues that such a position
> on the human condition can be taken and one can do so analytically in away
> that steps out of the stream of socio-cultural justification. From this
> vantage point, the idea of Black Psychology or, for that matter, Police
> Psychology, is an artefact of a time when psychology was pre-paradigmatic.
> Now that we can obtain a full transparadigmatic view, such identities will
> fade and the proper foundational conception of psychology/Psychology will
> find is root and grow in the (metamodern) Garden of ideas 😊.
>
> Hope this clarifies, as these are the main issues as I see them. Let me
> know if questions or concerns emerge.
>
> Best,
> Gregg
>
> *From:* tree of knowledge system discussion <
> [log in to unmask]> *On Behalf Of *Fowers, Blaine J
> *Sent:* Tuesday, July 21, 2020 12:30 PM
> *To:* [log in to unmask]
> *Subject:* Re: Black Psychology?...and who has higher self-esteem in US?
> Blacks or Whites?
>
> I should clarify the question I asked Gregg a moment ago. Gregg knows me,
> and I think trusts me, but most people on the list do not know me and might
> be wondering if I'm trying to do some kind of "gotcha" thing. Just to be
> clear, I'm not about "gotcha" at all.
>
> The question is just part of my process of learning much more about Black
> psychology as a white, cisgender, 63 year old male. This blog just seems
> like a great opportunity to learn for many of us.
>
> All the best,
> Blaine
>
> Blaine J. Fowers, Ph.D.
> Professor
> Department of Educational and
> Psychological Studies
> Merrick 312
> 5202 University Dr.
> Coral Gables, FL 33146
> 305-284-5261 (o)
> 305-284-3003 (f)
>
> Frailty, Suffering, and Vice: Flourishing in the Face of Human Limitations
> <https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com_-3Furl-3Dhttps-253A-252F-252Furldefense.proofpoint.com-252Fv2-252Furl-253Fu-253Dhttp-2D3A-5F-5Fwww.apa.org-5Fpubs-5Fbooks-5F4317447.aspx-2526d-253DDwMF-2Dg-2526c-253DeLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn-5F5nBEmmeq0-2526r-253DHPo1IXYDhKClogP-2DUOpybo6Cfxxz-2DjIYBgjO2gOz4-2DA-2526m-253DsBjC3j57fAolYe9uifazv8985XVC7L2QCcgZ7jbwJeA-2526s-253DnxnJwDLh9oax4m6a8rr3DRQXxkB9u-2D-2DoAY2zib2AhHI-2526e-253D-26data-3D02-257C01-257Cbfowers-2540MIAMI.EDU-257C5c099b6051e448343c1108d82d9b0c5f-257C2a144b72f23942d48c0e6f0f17c48e33-257C0-257C0-257C637309491242233686-26sdata-3Dj-252FCq-252FoU6jb2DVkQyadmVmJy6vDncQPZLZGMEBnJ67W8-253D-26reserved-3D0&d=DwMGaQ&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A&m=fi2vW26Be5W1w5hyE6R1irvpa2Zpn9UzHS2LPT5uQrc&s=lgt2W_3nKTaq3AKqyBUUJKIqf_NyZaP5da1liyufOtk&e=>
>
> The Evolution of Ethics
> <https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com_-3Furl-3Dhttps-253A-252F-252Furldefense.proofpoint.com-252Fv2-252Furl-253Fu-253Dhttp-2D3A-5F-5Fwww.palgrave.com-5Fus-5Fbook-5F9781137344656-2D23otherversion-2D3D9781349466139-2526d-253DDwMF-2Dg-2526c-253DeLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn-5F5nBEmmeq0-2526r-253DHPo1IXYDhKClogP-2DUOpybo6Cfxxz-2DjIYBgjO2gOz4-2DA-2526m-253DsBjC3j57fAolYe9uifazv8985XVC7L2QCcgZ7jbwJeA-2526s-253DxmAiroXCYGYDb70PSsP97Ocr-2DIfJ04-2DMcAMPUmdE8Fs-2526e-253D-26data-3D02-257C01-257Cbfowers-2540MIAMI.EDU-257C5c099b6051e448343c1108d82d9b0c5f-257C2a144b72f23942d48c0e6f0f17c48e33-257C0-257C0-257C637309491242243670-26sdata-3D58i0JmBI4unnHf8uGOf0S1Tg5HsXWKFJMN2dxFfRJ50-253D-26reserved-3D0&d=DwMGaQ&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A&m=fi2vW26Be5W1w5hyE6R1irvpa2Zpn9UzHS2LPT5uQrc&s=OMMvI1xgOI7rGuQ_dbRKuSIUmsq-OWXNsqMuiqV2a18&e=>
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__blainefowers.com&d=DwIFaQ&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A&m=4kkih_AwviJSn3_sS7RExOxuds4qcm8AQC6PhwLFfiI&s=B0GT3ecYqgsQ_CCom71Y3NlncVDig8hjNFreCvRKJKc&e=
> <https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com_-3Furl-3Dhttps-253A-252F-252Furldefense.proofpoint.com-252Fv2-252Furl-253Fu-253Dhttp-2D3A-5F-5Fblainefowers.com-2526d-253DDwMF-2Dg-2526c-253DeLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn-5F5nBEmmeq0-2526r-253DHPo1IXYDhKClogP-2DUOpybo6Cfxxz-2DjIYBgjO2gOz4-2DA-2526m-253DsBjC3j57fAolYe9uifazv8985XVC7L2QCcgZ7jbwJeA-2526s-253DmSW8BUGv8PEHZkTw5a0NRr63cWw5PBFPjCsOypKhhNQ-2526e-253D-26data-3D02-257C01-257Cbfowers-2540MIAMI.EDU-257C5c099b6051e448343c1108d82d9b0c5f-257C2a144b72f23942d48c0e6f0f17c48e33-257C0-257C0-257C637309491242243670-26sdata-3D2JcgpxVXPrZjTMcHTp7jyJqb-252FdVxEmLY4QO1h3VKgao-253D-26reserved-3D0&d=DwMGaQ&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A&m=fi2vW26Be5W1w5hyE6R1irvpa2Zpn9UzHS2LPT5uQrc&s=kTv1YPmhkDkdWpgg-Wb6h6uoxxknBZtXVAyitnAkXRo&e=>
>
> ------------------------------
> *From:* tree of knowledge system discussion <
> [log in to unmask]> on behalf of Henriques, Gregg - henriqgx <
> [log in to unmask]>
> *Sent:* Tuesday, July 21, 2020 10:49 AM
> *To:* [log in to unmask] <[log in to unmask]>
> *Subject:* Black Psychology?...and who has higher self-esteem in US?
> Blacks or Whites?
>
>
> Here is an interesting blog that I confess to having mixed reactions to:
>
>
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.psychologytoday.com_us_blog_black-2Dpsychology-2Dmatters_202007_why-2Dblack-2Dpsychology-2Dmatters&d=DwIFaQ&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A&m=4kkih_AwviJSn3_sS7RExOxuds4qcm8AQC6PhwLFfiI&s=PBVDfgSloZlntWlA6w4fOGnxYya8p1xfNOjpiDV8Ujo&e=
> <https://nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Furldefense.proofpoint.com%2Fv2%2Furl%3Fu%3Dhttps-3A__nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com_-3Furl-3Dhttps-253A-252F-252Fwww.psychologytoday.com-252Fus-252Fblog-252Fblack-2Dpsychology-2Dmatters-252F202007-252Fwhy-2Dblack-2Dpsychology-2Dmatters-26data-3D02-257C01-257Cbfowers-2540MIAMI.EDU-257C182ab4f3bfe94b105ae108d82d854d02-257C2a144b72f23942d48c0e6f0f17c48e33-257C0-257C1-257C637309397837606266-26sdata-3DzaYiSZMp43B-252Fc1-252Fcp9l961pGsEYwFMOcaKaQVnaUvmw-253D-26reserved-3D0%26d%3DDwMF-g%26c%3DeLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0%26r%3DHPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A%26m%3DsBjC3j57fAolYe9uifazv8985XVC7L2QCcgZ7jbwJeA%26s%3Dg9DO66SUvy3Gqr8C0RX-5mB7SpFQRRl8qKgQNh9PEjU%26e%3D&data=02%7C01%7Cbfowers%40MIAMI.EDU%7C5c099b6051e448343c1108d82d9b0c5f%7C2a144b72f23942d48c0e6f0f17c48e33%7C0%7C0%7C637309491242253665&sdata=xo0GUg9nKqms2w3Y8KklmTLNNfI9dx29b0RzSfsvOPA%3D&reserved=0>
>
>
>
> It really gets deeply at the question of “What is Psychology? What Should
> it Be?”
>
>
>
> Although a bit of an aside, the blog reminds me of an interesting fact
> that I think should probably be better known than it is, as I learned about
> it during conducting research for my masters thesis. It is the fact that of
> all the various ethnic groups routinely studied in the US, Blacks tend to
> score the highest on self-esteem. Here is a 1990s
> <https://nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Furldefense.proofpoint.com%2Fv2%2Furl%3Fu%3Dhttps-3A__nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com_-3Furl-3Dhttps-253A-252F-252Fwww.gregghenriques.com-252Fuploads-252F2-252F4-252F3-252F6-252F24368778-252Fgender-5Fand-5Fethnic-5Fdiff-5Fbet-5Fbody-5Fand-5Fself.pdf-26data-3D02-257C01-257Cbfowers-2540MIAMI.EDU-257C182ab4f3bfe94b105ae108d82d854d02-257C2a144b72f23942d48c0e6f0f17c48e33-257C0-257C1-257C637309397837616261-26sdata-3DCHVqwlVrJTwLRXjkEtyYay6jAlqwHiYottcWUaK3QZY-253D-26reserved-3D0%26d%3DDwMF-g%26c%3DeLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0%26r%3DHPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A%26m%3DsBjC3j57fAolYe9uifazv8985XVC7L2QCcgZ7jbwJeA%26s%3Dwj3o_JEuny7wT6ZtnwYHPjeZF54mOE7fRX__g7fuX9c%26e%3D&data=02%7C01%7Cbfowers%40MIAMI.EDU%7C5c099b6051e448343c1108d82d9b0c5f%7C2a144b72f23942d48c0e6f0f17c48e33%7C0%7C0%7C637309491242263661&sdata=NP56XTWGdGHpshr8DlVdXf6AhXZjeuqR%2F9%2BKS41md6g%3D&reserved=0>
> publication from my work on my masters thesis, which found this to be
> the case, although I was not looking for it. Here is a more recent 2010s
> replication
> <https://nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Furldefense.proofpoint.com%2Fv2%2Furl%3Fu%3Dhttps-3A__nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com_-3Furl-3Dhttps-253A-252F-252Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov-252Fpmc-252Farticles-252FPMC3263756-252F-26data-3D02-257C01-257Cbfowers-2540MIAMI.EDU-257C182ab4f3bfe94b105ae108d82d854d02-257C2a144b72f23942d48c0e6f0f17c48e33-257C0-257C1-257C637309397837616261-26sdata-3DIh4PZEbqPZOPmIxaZvOToCQm8bT-252F8i4UneJjs3NCDcA-253D-26reserved-3D0%26d%3DDwMF-g%26c%3DeLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0%26r%3DHPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A%26m%3DsBjC3j57fAolYe9uifazv8985XVC7L2QCcgZ7jbwJeA%26s%3DymFpcIzvffr5cX422fJV8aZ6PacTXBXhUsCNQC_4TY8%26e%3D&data=02%7C01%7Cbfowers%40MIAMI.EDU%7C5c099b6051e448343c1108d82d9b0c5f%7C2a144b72f23942d48c0e6f0f17c48e33%7C0%7C0%7C637309491242263661&sdata=6KsDHM4gaD%2B3qP90mopepeuQyEYkfMz807iB5gkMBHA%3D&reserved=0>
> .
>
>
>
> I would be curious to hear if folks have ideas about why this might be the
> case. I have some notions, but have not seen a systematic analysis that
> seems to make sense of all the threads.
>
>
> Best,
> Gregg
>
> ___________________________________________
>
> Gregg Henriques, Ph.D.
> Professor
> Department of Graduate Psychology
> 216 Johnston Hall
> MSC 7401
> James Madison University
> Harrisonburg, VA 22807
> (540) 568-7857 (phone)
> (540) 568-4747 (fax)
>
>
> *Be that which enhances dignity and well-being with integrity.*
>
> Check out my Theory of Knowledge blog at Psychology Today at:
>
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.psychologytoday.com_blog_theory-2Dknowledge&d=DwIFaQ&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A&m=4kkih_AwviJSn3_sS7RExOxuds4qcm8AQC6PhwLFfiI&s=ci3bzF6-RCj_hgUmYNj6mxVBtEgWG_t1QYUz-lnISWw&e=
> <https://nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Furldefense.proofpoint.com%2Fv2%2Furl%3Fu%3Dhttps-3A__nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com_-3Furl-3Dhttps-253A-252F-252Fwww.psychologytoday.com-252Fblog-252Ftheory-2Dknowledge-26data-3D02-257C01-257Cbfowers-2540MIAMI.EDU-257C182ab4f3bfe94b105ae108d82d854d02-257C2a144b72f23942d48c0e6f0f17c48e33-257C0-257C1-257C637309397837626254-26sdata-3DSDlxBvhnsK-252F35WczVfnJlBgXjPGcnEb9kS-252BzpsEOmpo-253D-26reserved-3D0%26d%3DDwMF-g%26c%3DeLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0%26r%3DHPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A%26m%3DsBjC3j57fAolYe9uifazv8985XVC7L2QCcgZ7jbwJeA%26s%3DhH829yfHHaKeL3CiQ-Cqn0Q31LljXZ6QxfDGtV5tDMk%26e%3D&data=02%7C01%7Cbfowers%40MIAMI.EDU%7C5c099b6051e448343c1108d82d9b0c5f%7C2a144b72f23942d48c0e6f0f17c48e33%7C0%7C0%7C637309491242273653&sdata=n5x%2BAIo9pq4orXHHJbWt%2FPaI0lrMnMo8fzzJOoLM%2Bso%3D&reserved=0>
>
>
>
> Check out my webpage at:
>
> www.gregghenriques.com
> <https://nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Furldefense.proofpoint.com%2Fv2%2Furl%3Fu%3Dhttps-3A__nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com_-3Furl-3Dhttp-253A-252F-252Fwww.gregghenriques.com-252F-26data-3D02-257C01-257Cbfowers-2540MIAMI.EDU-257C182ab4f3bfe94b105ae108d82d854d02-257C2a144b72f23942d48c0e6f0f17c48e33-257C0-257C1-257C637309397837626254-26sdata-3DXS7zNzylWn2VoCkYLHE3pJ1b-252BibF9izIZNwHVQE6X14-253D-26reserved-3D0%26d%3DDwMF-g%26c%3DeLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0%26r%3DHPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A%26m%3DsBjC3j57fAolYe9uifazv8985XVC7L2QCcgZ7jbwJeA%26s%3DWANwSUFZ5Et83VrfuAVPF1vx4IHFQeGbpf5Tp9L5QvA%26e%3D&data=02%7C01%7Cbfowers%40MIAMI.EDU%7C5c099b6051e448343c1108d82d9b0c5f%7C2a144b72f23942d48c0e6f0f17c48e33%7C0%7C0%7C637309491242273653&sdata=cIublxosknEjW2rc9aH6oykg0eiAx9Nc%2B4yYMRP2OtY%3D&reserved=0>
>
>
>
>
>
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