Hi All,
As much as I expressed discomfort about this subject, I wouldn't want that
to stop the conversation. My discomfort comes not from a fear of being
corrected. On the contrary, if I can be corrected, that's exactly what I
want. I don't want to be a bigot. The stress comes from the fear of being
misunderstood and vilified, especially when it's deliberate for the sake of
some vain/false victory. Because then it's the experience of being wrongly
shamed, which comes with that distinct, bitter feeling of injustice. To me,
it seems that only understanding can bring justice.
What makes the claim that "all men are condemned to be sexist/racist" so
agonizing is that it denies the hope that understanding can bring justice.
The good kernel in all this identity politics is that it's raising
consciousness, and *that is* bringing some justice. It's not right for
black people to hear white people say they're colorblind/not racist while
they participate in systemic racism or have implicit biases against them.
It has to be insulting! There is a distinct feeling of injustice detectable
in that arrangement. Of course, many seem to say I'm not allowed to
understand because I'm white, because I'm a guilty racist - And that's not
right - it fails to credit the benefit of raising one's consciousness. I
shouldn't patronize anyone.... but I can clearly identify the injustice of
the following:
1) You're saying you're not racist
2) But you're being racist
So I'm suffering racism, denied equality, stuck in a lower class as if it's
my fault, and it's being pompously denied - I'm suffering ignorance when
people should know what they're doing. extra-wrong. The falsehood has to be
part of the hurt.
But *condemning *white people as racist isn't entirely just either. It is
precisely the exit that brings justice! No exit, no justice, and we might
as well return to tribalism, which is what appears to be happening.
I haven't found agreement with any African Americans, but I have found
emphatic agreement from other African and Jamaican people I've talked to.
It's only anecdotal, I know. Perhaps there's a study on the difference
between African American and other black impressions of implicit racism.
I'm not an expert on this but I like to check myself, which is why I'm
somewhat passionate about this subject. If arguably incorrect about
anything I'd be happy to hear it. I trust now this group wouldn't
intentionally misunderstand anyone or leap to virtue-signal.
Jamie
On Tue, Oct 30, 2018 at 10:29 AM Steven Quackenbush <
[log in to unmask]> wrote:
> Hi List,
>
> As I was in the audience with Gregg at George Yancy's presentation, I'd
> like to offer a few reflections on racism. I certainly felt the weight of
> Yancy's argument that there is "no exit" from racism for White America even
> as I sympathize with Gregg's spatial metaphor and the claim that some might
> be closer to the exit than others.
>
> - For starters, it is easy enough to say that I am not an explicit
> racist. I am not aware of anyone in my circle of friends who is.
> - I imagine that most people on this listserv are familiar with the
> literature on "implicit bias", which includes the possibility of implicit
> racism,
> - If you are not familiar with this idea, check out the following
> Dateline NBC segment: https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.youtube.com_watch-3Fv-3Dn5Q5FQfXZag&d=DwIFaQ&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A&m=ctVNATcttI3pmxAmoQN-6UmI4DmZXgxJ65wdhy5Eas0&s=SwD4UxgOPfdUlJ0yrn_xtllONMxCkNH1bbOk5GeNh1A&e=
> <https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.youtube.com_watch-3Fv-3Dn5Q5FQfXZag&d=DwMFaQ&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A&m=ibzHeUngJSu2e2F5M7CagtR7nSrP7b11nG1qU4ndDvw&s=ZnmbbFoRfL4XYms9pjrYznwncfti7dSngMNVZeY_Xlo&e=>
> - This segment, which includes an interview with Banaji and
> Greenwald (co-developers of the Implicit Association Test), remains among
> the best short introductions to the notion of implicit bias.
> - You can also assess your own implicit biases here:
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__implicit.harvard.edu_implicit_takeatest.html&d=DwIFaQ&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A&m=ctVNATcttI3pmxAmoQN-6UmI4DmZXgxJ65wdhy5Eas0&s=9_WeJqaNjSyykhZEnH2X_NorgpD5m_6XqPbUBDQ9Iqw&e=
> <https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__implicit.harvard.edu_implicit_takeatest.html&d=DwMFaQ&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A&m=ibzHeUngJSu2e2F5M7CagtR7nSrP7b11nG1qU4ndDvw&s=-EBmtp-WZGAlcyiJ4W1tMF1fn9ybenmG3TqCBSYt0JQ&e=>
> - Do I have an "implicit bias" against any ethnic group? I hope
> not. However, if I am indeed an implicit racist, I will not consider this
> an excuse to avoid moving as close to the "exit" as I can.
> - In a remarkable essay, Stark (2014) argues that we are responsible
> for even our *implicit *biases:
> - *“We cannot control, in the moment a moral emotion assails us,
> whether or not to experience that emotion. We can, however, choose to
> cultivate our moral emotions over time; in this regard, our moral emotions
> are under our control and therefore subject to moral assessment.*”
> - Thus, “i*t is possible for individuals to hold themselves
> accountable for their implicit associations and for the actions that are
> influenced by them.*”
> - Reference: Stark, S. A. (2014). Implicit virtue. *Journal Of
> Theoretical And Philosophical Psychology,* 34(2), 146-158.
> - But what if I am free of both explicit and implicit racism?
> Suppose I treat every person I encounter as a "human being" and not as a
> member of a particular ethnic group (or religious group, etc.). Suppose I
> am able to transform myself into an enlightened liberal that sees everyone
> as *equal*. Have I found the proverbial exit?
> - Here, I'm reminded of Sartre's critique of "The Democratic" in *Anti-Semite
> and Jew*:
> - "*...he wants to separate the Jew from his religion, from his
> family, from his ethnic community, in order to plunge hum into the
> democratic crucible whence he will emerge naked and alone, an individual
> and solitary particle like all other particles*"
> - So, could my racial blindness be yet another form of racism?
> - Now, suppose I fully come to terms with the fact that other human
> beings are embedded in a multigenerational narrative that must be
> understood in relation to race, religion, and 1001 other qualifiers. Have
> I finally found the proverbial exit? Perhaps. But even here, I must
> recognize what a tremendous privilege it is to be so enlightened. And if I
> fail to recognize that this privilege (predicated, in part, on economic
> security and the corresponding freedom to devote myself to intellectual
> pursuits) is itself parasitic on an economic system that once included
> slavery as a defining feature, and that* continues to ripple with the
> consequences of this horrifically evil practice, *is not my very
> "moral purity" not itself yet another form of racism?
> - Perhaps movement toward the proverbial exit now requires substantive
> *reparations:*
> -
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.washingtonpost.com_news_wonk_wp_2016_09_29_the-2Dcost-2Dof-2Dslavery-2Dreparations-2Dis-2Dnow-2Dwithin-2Dthe-2Dboundaries-2Dof-2Dthe-2Dpolitically-2Dacceptable_-3Fnoredirect-3Don-26utm-5Fterm-3D.3f0839f161f1&d=DwIFaQ&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A&m=ctVNATcttI3pmxAmoQN-6UmI4DmZXgxJ65wdhy5Eas0&s=szHky8zn_lRIn71mDQ3bo-hAEHv64FZgVq4kFy2WEKk&e=
> <https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.washingtonpost.com_news_wonk_wp_2016_09_29_the-2Dcost-2Dof-2Dslavery-2Dreparations-2Dis-2Dnow-2Dwithin-2Dthe-2Dboundaries-2Dof-2Dthe-2Dpolitically-2Dacceptable_-3Fnoredirect-3Don-26utm-5Fterm-3D.3f0839f161f1&d=DwMFaQ&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A&m=ibzHeUngJSu2e2F5M7CagtR7nSrP7b11nG1qU4ndDvw&s=J8nagUCyPGp8Xhl3Nr7Uj_e41vbjqlOAfw06DLpsCYY&e=>
> - https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__abcnews.go.com_2020_story-3Fid-3D124115-26page-3D1&d=DwIFaQ&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A&m=ctVNATcttI3pmxAmoQN-6UmI4DmZXgxJ65wdhy5Eas0&s=cZD4we97RiRaDQML4fB_-yRqyRpFQNi3Z4Kn05wMa5w&e=
> <https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__abcnews.go.com_2020_story-3Fid-3D124115-26page-3D1&d=DwMFaQ&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A&m=ibzHeUngJSu2e2F5M7CagtR7nSrP7b11nG1qU4ndDvw&s=1PJKlBCPo2x6Ryxt8XXdJ9k03DDe23sJLTNt726EHlE&e=>
>
> ~ Steve Q.
>
>
> On Mon, Oct 29, 2018 at 6:59 PM, Parisa Montazeri <
> [log in to unmask]> wrote:
>
>> Well said, Gregg :)
>>
>> I agree. We may all to some degree be complicit, but some of us also want
>> to move toward the exit... we are not all condemned
>> ;) parisa
>>
>>
>> On Oct 29, 2018, at 9:53 PM, Henriques, Gregg - henriqgx <
>> [log in to unmask]> wrote:
>>
>> Thanks to everyone for their contributions to this thread. I am
>> especially happy to hear from some new voices contributing such thoughtful
>> comments to our community. I also appreciate the frame that has been
>> created on this topic line, which is that of folks have been sharing their
>> thoughts from their perspective. Although I think debate and disagreement
>> have their place, when dealing with issues such as these that are
>> emotionally charged and fraught with personal and politically complexity, I
>> think the most productive way generally is for us to share our views, and
>> try to position ourselves to empathize and learn from them others’
>> narratives. Since that is what I have grown from, I will take this
>> opportunity to share my narrative.
>>
>>
>>
>> As was mentioned the primary prompt for this thread was that I was going
>> with Steve Q to the North American Sartre Conference where George Yancy was
>> the keynote speaker. Of course, he was the author of the *I Am Sexist*
>> piece that started this discussion. That piece was a connected to an
>> earlier piece on racism that he did, which was his Dear White America
>> Letter
>> <https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com_2015_12_24_dear-2Dwhite-2Damerica_&d=DwMFaQ&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A&m=5OO6p5rNNqGh0hIEEAM44NjTQmmAqkc4I9J9BEfQcVE&s=wv6N3UBqon8dRzANEaQpoy5k5Kdi7InIl6hbzZG1J1A&e=>.
>> That letter includes the notion that he is a sexist and then implores White
>> America (in a “loving way”) to realize and embrace the idea that we are
>> racist. This was the focus of his keynote address, which was titled *No
>> Exit and the End of White Innocence*. No Exit is a famous Sartean play
>> (which actually we saw in Fredericksburg the night before) where people are
>> in hell and cannot escape. Yancy’s thesis was that all of White America is
>> condemned to be racist. It is baked in to our society. His talk came at
>> this thesis from a number of angles. Some of the more powerful and rawest
>> elements were reading through a multitude of racist comments, letters, and
>> threats he received in the wake of his Dear White America letter. Over and
>> over again, he was called a “n#$er” and told that his “black ass” would be
>> beaten to a pulp or worse. He had voice mail threats and required a police
>> escort for some time. It was brutal to hear.
>>
>>
>>
>> During the talk, I opened my heart to his story and sat with his pain. It
>> is, of course, a tragedy that our country was built on the backs of black
>> slaves and the horrible scar of racism remains with us to this day. And I
>> told him, both in a comment and when I looked him in the eye as I shook his
>> hand, that I deeply appreciated his courage. The things the racists said to
>> him were horrible. There can be no doubt that our country was born racist
>> and that structural and institutional elements of racism permeate through
>> our republic to this day. And there can be no doubt, as evidenced so
>> clearly in the hate mail he received, that many individuals still harbor
>> primitive racist ideas.
>>
>>
>>
>> But although I opened my heart to him, I did not simply submit to his
>> argument. Everyone who knows me knows that my valuing of intellectual
>> integrity means that I will always look to identify the social and
>> psychological motives and forces that are moving me toward or away from an
>> idea, and use that insight to bracket the frame and then sort out the logic
>> and evidence of the argument.
>>
>>
>>
>> Dr. Yancy’s fundamental thesis was that there simply is “no exit” from my
>> being a racist, as a white person in America. Much as the three main
>> characters in Sartre’s play who are condemned to hell, I am already
>> condemned. Not only that, but for Yancy, I am already condemned completely.
>> In the question and answer period, I asked him… “Are there some people who
>> are closer to the exit than others?” He immediately saw what I was getting
>> at. “I love the spatial metaphor,” he said. And, then he struggled with it.
>> He then did not like it. He waffled and wondered maybe and but to my read,
>> he ultimately answered that no, there is no one who is closer.
>>
>>
>>
>> In other words, the frame of his argument was that all whites are the
>> same to him. And that is when I smiled to myself. I was fairly certain I
>> had diagnosed his error and his reply confirmed it. White America is an
>> abstraction that resides at the level of the aggregate. Yancy has fused the
>> individual with the aggregate. (A side note: It is not an uncommon
>> error; much of the field of psychology is guilty of a very similar kind of
>> mistake).
>> <https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.psychologytoday.com_us_blog_theory-2Dknowledge_201409_why-2Dpsychology-2Dthinks-2Dyou-2Dare-2Daverage&d=DwMFaQ&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A&m=5OO6p5rNNqGh0hIEEAM44NjTQmmAqkc4I9J9BEfQcVE&s=LroO47ed6SnYT1mDD8LQamraiGrJIFOSUTvoC6kPcBA&e=>
>> There is no exit for white America’s sins. And thus, for Yancy, no exit for
>> individual Whites.
>>
>>
>>
>> My identity is that I *USED* to be racist and sexist. But I am no
>> longer. It was hard work to change. It started for me in a feminist class
>> back in the late 1980s, and probably was not completed until I was a
>> professor at JMU. That is a rough developmental time period. It is not as
>> though there was a date on the door when I found it. We are indeed born
>> into a society that socializes its people in racist and sexist ways. Our
>> history is powerfully entangled in racism and sexism, and we have a long
>> way to go. But it is also the case that our society has moved toward the
>> exit, at least in my view of the world.
>>
>>
>>
>> I knew Yancy’s frame was not complete because of my experience. His
>> struggle with the spatial metaphor showed his frame was powerless in its
>> capacity to chart my own growth and change and awakening and development
>> toward the exit. His reply to my question revealed, that in his analysis I
>> was just a mark in the condemned space. But, this yields a troubling
>> question: *How can we have an anti-racist movement that does not track a
>> white person’s movements toward anti-racism?*
>>
>>
>>
>> My vision that there is an exit and that we can move toward exists in
>> strong contrast to Dr. Yancy’s thesis we (as males or whites or any other
>> majority-dominant group?), are all already condemned. The difference in
>> visions is one of the great debates facing the identity politics movement.
>>
>>
>>
>> Best,
>>
>> Gregg
>>
>>
>>
>> ___________________________________________
>>
>> Gregg Henriques, Ph.D.
>> Professor
>> Department of Graduate Psychology
>> 216 Johnston Hall
>> MSC 7401
>> James Madison University
>> Harrisonburg, VA 22807
>> (540) 568-7857 (phone)
>> (540) 568-4747 (fax)
>>
>>
>> *Be that which enhances dignity and well-being with integrity.*
>>
>> Check out my Theory of Knowledge blog at Psychology Today at:
>>
>> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.psychologytoday.com_blog_theory-2Dknowledge&d=DwIFaQ&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A&m=ctVNATcttI3pmxAmoQN-6UmI4DmZXgxJ65wdhy5Eas0&s=2aE7NoIdfhTvigH8zgcHdNvHRFvhpSZIyGM3s9TzKlU&e=
>> <https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.psychologytoday.com_blog_theory-2Dknowledge&d=DwMFaQ&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A&m=5OO6p5rNNqGh0hIEEAM44NjTQmmAqkc4I9J9BEfQcVE&s=ZS7ZcrX7xtZw3-AVIGJ-zSgoGsggXBY28WEkRGsoAQg&e=>
>>
>>
>>
>> Check out my webpage at:
>>
>> www.gregghenriques.com
>> <https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.gregghenriques.com&d=DwMFaQ&c=eLbWYnpnzycBCgmb7vCI4uqNEB9RSjOdn_5nBEmmeq0&r=HPo1IXYDhKClogP-UOpybo6Cfxxz-jIYBgjO2gOz4-A&m=5OO6p5rNNqGh0hIEEAM44NjTQmmAqkc4I9J9BEfQcVE&s=fErmg1xhxChl9qrEk7eor0QBPFa0UophUeYUDt_m3wc&e=>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> *From:* tree of knowledge system discussion <
>> [log in to unmask]> *On Behalf Of *Mathew Jamie Dunbaugh
>> *Sent:* Sunday, October 28, 2018 7:00 PM
>> *To:* [log in to unmask]
>> *Subject:* Re: Sartre, and ?Are all men sexist?
>>
>>
>>
>> Well, I really appreciate what Helen has said. I was apprehensive about
>> sending this because I find it an unhappy subject. And it's stressful how
>> carefully I have to choose my words. Little is more offensive than human
>> sexuality. Nothing makes me as sure that this world is, for all intensive
>> purposes, ruled by Satan. I don't mean that literally. The universe might
>> be indifferent, but that indifference has all the aesthetic of evil.
>>
>>
>>
>> I'm tall, white, and I've been told that I look like an alpha male. Yet
>> I've been single most of my life largely because I don't fit Steve
>> Quackenbush's description of "all men". I've devoted my whole life to
>> thinking carefully and the search for knowledge, so I take painstaking care
>> when forming judgments of any kind. And I've always been uncomfortable with
>> objectifying women, a sentiment that has drawn contempt from people of both
>> genders. But as a white man, I'm both racist and sexist, and nobody gives a
>> shit how carefully I think. I understand that the male gender is
>> sexist, but it's because biology demands it. But that doesn't mean all men
>> are personally sexist. Some of us refuse to participate, and often lose a
>> great deal of power because of it.
>>
>>
>>
>> If the left is going to corner white men into a demonized position, it
>> had better give them a way out. If you never had any choice not to be
>> guilty, something's wrong with the whole situation and it's not going to
>> turn out well. Frankly, I'm worried that identity politics is ruining
>> western civilization. I'm still shocked at the loss of emphasis on the
>> individual these days. But anyone with strong opinions has to admit that
>> this is a challenging moral dilemma. There are statistical differences
>> between groups, in ways the left can be motivated or loathe to emphasize.
>> On one hand, it's good to point out the vices of certain groups so we might
>> change them. On the other, everyone should recognize the injustice of being
>> considered guilty of something just because you're a member of some group.
>>
>>
>>
>> I'm surprised to hear people agree so easily that ALL men are sexist.
>> Really? Every single one, and all to the same degree? What about a man who
>> is asexual? Or a man with autism who might not even recognize much of
>> gender at all? What about a man raised with the highest degree of
>> conscience, devoted his whole life to resisting any and all bigoted norms,
>> even to the extent of losing everything and being judged as weak by his
>> community? There's so much variation in the world so I don't see how the
>> statement can be justified. Is the *male gender *generally sexist? Yes,
>> as is the female gender in its own ways. I'd say biology is sexist, ...but
>> cultural evolution might change that.
>>
>>
>>
>> All of us were once children who had no idea what's going on and simply
>> found ourselves in fortunate or unfortunate circumstances, enjoying
>> our good luck or suffering our bad luck. We all simply flowed along the
>> current of incentives, blaming each other and hardly ever realizing that
>> it's the incentive structures ruling over us making it irresistible to harm
>> each other. But each of us is responsible for the world; we are responsible
>> for accepting these incentive structures or not. And because the crowd
>> doesn't stand up together all at once, and almost everyone is guilty of
>> simply following the current, those of us who don't accept unjust incentive
>> structures often lose. The good almost always lose, it seems to me.
>>
>>
>>
>> I'll also say that the female gender is not free from responsibility for
>> the incentive structures that make puppets of us, including making men
>> sexist. The attached page from Brene Brown's book "Daring Greatly" supports
>> my view that women have a powerful role in shaping the dominance hierarchy
>> of men and in driving men to seek power over each other. Also in my
>> experience, other men tend to be more compassionate and understanding of
>> male weakness than women. Biologically speaking (something we haven't yet
>> transcended BTW) ...It's for women that men must be strong most of all.
>> Also, power is often mysterious but I have some female friends who would
>> admit that if you can come to understand women's sexual preferences, you
>> can understand power and vice versa. And the "good" and "power" aren't the
>> same thing. While the female gender might hold some responsibility, I
>> hesitate to blame actual women for being this way because doing so would go
>> against all sense. We're all trapped in the roles that we play and the
>> incentives they provide, and it sometimes takes a life of almost suicidal
>> rebellion to really do the right thing, and even then it's probably a waste
>> unless one can change the norms and change everyone.
>>
>>
>>
>> ALL people need to forever be expanding their minds to understand more
>> what it's like to be others, and to understand our human nature. We are
>> always undergoing the evolution of domestication and justification. I see
>> the problem of identity politics as a consequence of progressives generally
>> trying to do the right thing, and I see the justice women can get from
>> approaching the day men will finally understand and respect what they have
>> to deal with, but it goes both ways... or in all directions. The solution
>> is for all of us to increase our moral sophistication. We're going to have
>> to entrust common people with the responsibility of thinking carefully, and
>> it has to start with intelligent, honest leadership.
>>
>>
>>
>> Rather than getting every man to admit that he's a guilty sexist, we
>> should keep in mind the incentives our roles come with and hold people
>> accountable to the bigger picture. People should question the priveledges
>> they get with their roles.
>>
>>
>>
>> As culture evolves we are all continually learning what justice is, and
>> I would say it is our duty as homo sapiens to continue that struggle. Every
>> individual is responsible for the world.
>>
>>
>>
>> Jamie
>>
>> P.S. As an intellectual, of course my position is that justice depends on
>> people getting better at finding out what's true... so in other words,
>> yes, being more like me. But to be honest, I'm afraid of what the truth
>> will do to us. I suspect culture evolves towards truth, so I hope the truth
>> can one day be compatible with our feelings.
>>
>> <image002.jpg>
>>
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>
>
>
> --
> Steven W. Quackenbush, Ph.D., Chair
> Division of Psychology & Human Development
> University of Maine, Farmington
> Farmington, ME 04938
> (207) 778-7518
> [log in to unmask]
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